Apparatus for lubricating.



No. 832,956. PATENTED OCT. 9, 190s.

M. OASTELNAU.

APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING. APPLICATION FILED FEB. z. 1905.

MM Warcallz'n fims'izrzau UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MOTEURS A HAUTE TENsION,

or .PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 9, 1906.

Application filed February 2, 1905. Serial No. 243,861.

To all whom, it may concern.-

' Be it known that I, MARCELLIN CASTEL- NAU, engineer, a citizen of the Re ublic of France, residin at Paris, 28 Rue e Washington, in the fiepublicof France, haw invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Apparatus for Lubricating, 0 which the following is a specification.

This invention is based on a new rinciple as to the lubrication of engines. This rin ciple is characterized in the 'first place y'a process for the plentiful and perfect lubrication of the members subjected to friction, the lubricant bein a plied and acting clear of an contact with the gases, steam, vapors and t e like which are at work. It is characterized in the second place by the almost total recovery of the lubricant used.

Heretofore the lubrication of steam, oil, gas, s irit, and compressed-air engines and the li e is produced by the introduction of the lubricant either directly into the steam or other motive-power fluid or into the cylinders. The lubricant which escapes with the steam or with the gases, the air, or the like is entirely lost.

This invention is applicable to steam, combustion, or other engines or motors-operating at the highest temperaturesin that notwithstanding the contact with metal surfaces subjected to a dark-red heat the lubrication of the piston is still insured without either decomposition or any serious amount of consumption of the lubricant. In this case the present system of lubrication is particularly advanta eous in that'it allows of avoiding the art' cial cooling. down of the cylinder, which now diminishes to a very great extent the efiiciency of combustion-motors and prevents our making the most of the advantage offered by the high temperatures of the gases or vapors, as shown by theory. To obtain these results, I provide in the fixed frictional part two ducts, one for the incoming fresh ubricant under pressure and the other for the outgoing lubricant which has been used, and I put these ducts in communication with the frictional surfacesby means of orifices so arranged that they are never uncovered by the movable art and that the orifices for the incoming ubricant lie between the pressure-chamber of the motor and the-orifices for the outgoing lubricant. Of course-these ducts may be also fitted in the movable part.

Between the said orifices there is thus formed a very narrow annular space, bothin front and behind b the segments of the piston, and in which the lubricant is so channeled that the greater part of the lubricant introduced at the incoming orifice passes through the outgoing orifice and can be gatheied' without its having been subjected to the contact of the steam of the gases or. of the air in the motor, and consequently without the-least alteration of the lubricating matter,

hdwever high may be the temperature of the frictional surfaces. There also results from this means the possibility ofcausing to circualways closed late around. the piston plentifulsurplus of lubricant, as the latter is gathered without any deterioration and almost without any deperdition, and also the faculty of using any sort of lubricating matter whatever its price,

such as oil, ordmaryglycerin, saponified water,.and the like. I

This invention is applicable to any kind of engine or motor, whet er the piston is fixed and the'cylinder movable or the piston is movable and the cylinder fixed, Whether single acting or double acting, and the like. Furthermore, it can be apphed either to distributing-pistons or to driving-pistons.

In the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of example, two forms in which this invention can be carried out, Figure 1 is a sectional view of a fixed piston in a movablecylinder. Fig. 2 isa sectional view of a'fixed cylinder having a movable piston.

In the engine or motor shown in Fig. Lin the fixed piston a there are formed ducts b and 0, respectively, for the incoming lubri-' cant under pressure and the'outgoing-lubricant. 1 The said ducts areconnected by one or several transversal passages d'oi' 2 with circular grooves for 9 made in the surface of the piston, between three series of se ments h i which constitute a packing for t e iston and which are applied against the wa of the movable cylinder 7c. The grooves f and g are so located that the groove f for the incoming lubricant lies between the pressure-chamber m and the outgoing groove 9 and that the latter is never uncovered by the cylinder. In fact, the cylinder never even moves past a point near the left of the last se ment 1'.

By the combined effect 0 the forcing pressure in the duct 6, produced by any suitable lubricating-pump, and the pressure of in the high temperature to which it has been km jected it has not been altered in any way.

In the arran ement shown in Fig. 2, b and c" designate circular ducts provided in the J fixed cylinder a and connected with the inner wall of the said cylinder by transversal passages d e in less or greater number. Circular grooves f and gare again [made in the plston it between three series of segments I 'I- 'l l The orifices of the incoming and outgoing I passagesd e for the lubricant are again ar- 6 Similar arrangements, but double ones,

ranged, as hereinbefore described, so as never to b :euncovered by the movable member k and that the incoming orifices lie between the outgoing orifices from the pressure-chamber ing with than groove may be used in d'ouble-acting engines or motors.

Modifications may be made in the rninor arrangements of; the lubricating ducts and orifices without departing from the present invention. in the case of a fixed cylinder, in the wall of the latter, grooves extending obliquely from the orifices d e to get a longer communication between the said orifices and the grooves f g, &c. These grooves maybe also formed in the cylinder or both in the two frictional parts. a I claim- A lubricating device comprising a cylinder having a pressure-chamber, and a piston, one

In particular there may be made of' said. parts being provided with spaced annular grooves in its contacting surface' and ha'vin inlet and outlet ducts communicating with t e grooves, the'inlet-duct communicatnearest the pressurechamber.

Intestimony that I claim the foregdifig as my invention I'have signed my name in-pres-- ence' of two subscribing witnesses.

MARCELLIN CASTELNAU.

Witnesses: I

J OHN BAKER, MAunr'on Roux. 

